Regulator: In the year 1992, The government of India set up the regulatory body as 'Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)' for secondary markets in India, Having objectives like protection of Investors' Interest / Supervision & regulation of activities related to secondary markets & working for the development of Indian Capital Markets. SEBI was established under the SEBI Act 1992.
Stock Exchanges: A platform to facilitate the transactions of shares & securities between investors and listed companies in typically known as the Stock Exchange. Stock Exchanges are also known as the economic barometer as the volatility of the stock markets is totally based on the economic sentiments.
India is currently having two national level exchanges, trading actively from 9.15 AM to 3.30 PM as under:
National Stock Exchange of India (NSE): NSE was established in the year 1992 having it's benchmark index as NIFTY 50. The index consists of top 50 companies of India listed in NSE. Overall listed companies in NSE were 2,671 as on December 2024.
Bombay Stock Exchange - BSE Ltd: BSE is respectively known as the oldest stock exchange of .Asia formed on 9th July 1875. BSE is having more than 5,600 listed companies as on December 2024. The benchmark index of BSE is called as 'SENSEX' which is made of top 30 companies of India listed in BSE. It is also known as the fastest exchange in the world with the trading speed of 6 micro seconds per transaction.
International Stock Exchanges: The Government of India also made two designated exchanges to trade / invest in International Stocks. These exchanges are respectively known as NSE IX & India INX, Located in the International Financial Centre (IFSC), Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat.
India INX: India International Exchange (IFSC) Limited - India INX made by the BSE Ltd. was the first International Exchange of India established on 09 January 2017 & started international stocks trading from 16 January 2017. India INX provides 22 hours from 4.00 AM to 2.30 AM
NSE IX: NSE International Exchange, Setup by the NSE started operating from 5 June 2017. With the operating hours from 9.00 AM to 3.00 PM
Commodity Exchanges: India also has two active exchanges for the trading of commodities such as Gold, Silver, Agricultural Products, Base Metals, Crude Oil & Natural Gases.
These exchanges are popularly known as:
Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX): MCX started operating in 2003 as the leading commodity exchange in India. MCX is active for trading from 9.00 AM to 11.30 PM & extended up to 11.55 PM
National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Limited (NCDEX): NCDEX was started on 15th December 2003 and active for trading from 10.00 AM to 11.30 PM & extended up to 11.55 PM
Currency Exchange: As a platform for in currencies, 'Metropolitan Stock Exchange of India (MSEI)' stated serving from 11 February 2013. The exchange operates between 9.00 AM to 5.30 PM
Depository: Depository is considerably known as the second layer of Capital Markets after Stock Exchanges. Depositories hold shares / securities in dematerialized form.
There are two depositories available in India as:
National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL): NSDL is known as one of the largest depositories in the world. It was established in August 1996.
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Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL): CDSL was founded in the year 1999. It is the second depository in India providing depository services in Capital Markets.
Clearing Corporation: The third important layer of Capital Markets 'Clearing Corporations' ensure the settlement, delivery, & confirmation of transactions in the markets.
Following Clearing Corporations are active in India right now:
- The Clearing Corporation of India Limited (CCIL) - The Clearing Corporation providing services - to forex, securities, money market and others.
- Indian Clearing Corporation Limited (ICCL) - Clearing Corporation of BSE Ltd.
- National Securities Clearing Corporation Limited - Clearing Corporation of NSE India
- Metropolitan Clearing Corporation of India Ltd (MSEICCL) - Clearing corporation of MSEI
- Multi Commodity Exchange Clearing Corporation Limited (MCXCCL) - Clearing Corporation of MCX
· - National Commodity Clearing Limited (NCCL) - Clearing Corporation of NCDEX
· - India International Clearing Corporation - Clearing Corporation of India INX
· - NSE IFSC Clearing Corporation Limited (NSEICC) - Clearing Corporation of NSE IX
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